What does a cardholder dispute involve?

A cardholder dispute specifically involves a situation where the cardholder formally expresses dissatisfaction or disagreement with a charge that appears on their statement. This can arise from a variety of issues, such as unauthorized transactions, goods not received, or products not matching the description. The key element here is that the action is initiated by the cardholder, making it a distinct process that requires attention from the merchant and financial institution to resolve the matter.

Understanding this distinction is crucial as it outlines the responsibilities and processes for both the cardholder and the merchant or issuing bank. The resolution of a dispute may involve investigations and can result in refunds or adjustments depending on the findings. The other options do not accurately reflect the nature of a cardholder dispute, as they suggest different scenarios that do not involve the proactive action of the cardholder.