Which of the following represents the filing of a formal case in dispute resolution?

The filing of a formal case in dispute resolution is best represented by arbitration filing. In arbitration, the parties involved in a dispute agree to submit their case to a neutral third party (the arbitrator) who will make a binding decision based on the evidence and arguments presented. The process is formal because it usually follows established rules and procedures, similar to a court trial, and results in a definitive resolution.

Arbitration is distinct from other dispute resolution methods like voluntary mediation, where a mediator facilitates a discussion to help the parties reach a mutual agreement but does not impose a binding decision. The chargeback-dispute process generally involves consumers disputing charges with financial institutions and is not a formal legal process. The litigation process, while also formal, involves filing a case in court, which is different from arbitration where the resolution is provided through an arbitrator, not a judge.

Thus, arbitration filing most accurately reflects the concept of formally initiating a dispute resolution case.